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Scale 2609: "Raga Bhinna Shadja"

Bracelet Diagram

The bracelet shows tones that are in this scale, starting from the top (12 o'clock), going clockwise in ascending semitones. The "i" icon marks imperfect tones that do not have a tone a fifth above. Dotted lines indicate axes of symmetry.

Tonnetz Diagram

Tonnetz diagrams are popular in Neo-Riemannian theory. Notes are arranged in a lattice where perfect 5th intervals are from left to right, major third are northeast, and major 6th intervals are northwest. Other directions are inverse of their opposite. This diagram helps to visualize common triads (they're triangles) and circle-of-fifth relationships (horizontal lines).

Common Names

Carnatic: Raga Bhinna Shadja

Unknown / Unsorted: Kaushikdhvani; Hindolita

Zeitler: Paptitonic

Dozenal: QAGian

Analysis

Cardinality Cardinality is the count of how many pitches are in the scale.	5 (pentatonic)
Pitch Class Set The tones in this scale, expressed as numbers from 0 to 11	{0,4,5,9,11}
Forte Number A code assigned by theorist Allen Forte, for this pitch class set and all of its transpositional (rotation) and inversional (reflection) transformations.	5-20
Rotational Symmetry Some scales have rotational symmetry, sometimes known as "limited transposition". If there are any rotational symmetries, these are the intervals of periodicity.	none
Reflection Axes If a scale has an axis of reflective symmetry, then it can transform into itself by inversion. It also implies that the scale has Ridge Tones. Notably an axis of reflection can occur directly on a tone or half way between two tones.	none
Palindromicity A palindromic scale has the same pattern of intervals both ascending and descending.	no
Chirality A chiral scale can not be transformed into its inverse by rotation. If a scale is chiral, then it has an enantiomorph.	yes enantiomorph: 395
Hemitonia A hemitone is two tones separated by a semitone interval. Hemitonia describes how many such hemitones exist.	2 (dihemitonic)
Cohemitonia A cohemitone is an instance of two adjacent hemitones. Cohemitonia describes how many such cohemitones exist.	0 (ancohemitonic)
Imperfections An imperfection is a tone which does not have a perfect fifth above it in the scale. This value is the quantity of imperfections in this scale.	2
Modes Modes are the rotational transformations of this scale. This number includes the scale itself, so the number is usually the same as its cardinality; unless there are rotational symmetries then there are fewer modes.	5
Prime Form Describes if this scale is in prime form, using the Starr/Rahn algorithm.	no prime: 355
Generator Indicates if the scale can be constructed using a generator, and an origin.	none
Deep Scale A deep scale is one where the interval vector has 6 different digits, an indicator of maximum hierarchization.	no
Interval Structure Defines the scale as the sequence of intervals between one tone and the next.	[4, 1, 4, 2, 1]
Interval Vector Describes the intervallic content of the scale, read from left to right as the number of occurences of each interval size from semitone, up to six semitones.	<2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1>
Proportional Saturation Vector First described by Michael Buchler (2001), this is a vector showing the prominence of intervals relative to the maximum and minimum possible for the scale's cardinality. A saturation of 0 means the interval is present minimally, a saturation of 1 means it is the maximum possible.	<0.5, 0.25, 0.25, 0.333, 0.75, 0.5>
Interval Spectrum The same as the Interval Vector, but expressed in a syntax used by Howard Hanson.	p³m²nsd²t
Distribution Spectra Describes the specific interval sizes that exist for each generic interval size. Each generic <g> has a spectrum {n,...}. The Spectrum Width is the difference between the highest and lowest values in each spectrum.	<1> = {1,2,4} <2> = {3,5,6} <3> = {6,7,9} <4> = {8,10,11}
Spectra Variation Determined by the Distribution Spectra; this is the sum of all spectrum widths divided by the scale cardinality.	2.4
Maximally Even A scale is maximally even if the tones are optimally spaced apart from each other.	no
Maximal Area Set A scale is a maximal area set if a polygon described by vertices dodecimetrically placed around a circle produces the maximal interior area for scales of the same cardinality. All maximally even sets have maximal area, but not all maximal area sets are maximally even.	no
Interior Area Area of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle, ie a circle with radius of 1.	1.799
Polygon Perimeter Perimeter of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle.	5.499
Myhill Property A scale has Myhill Property if the Distribution Spectra have exactly two specific intervals for every generic interval.	no
Centre of Gravity Distance When tones of a scale are imagined as physical objects of equal weight arranged around a unit circle, this is the distance from the center of the circle to the center of gravity for all the tones. A perfectly balanced scale has a CoG distance of zero.	0.103528
Ridge Tones Ridge Tones are those that appear in all transpositions of a scale upon the members of that scale. Ridge Tones correspond directly with axes of reflective symmetry.	none
Propriety Also known as Rothenberg Propriety, named after its inventor. Propriety describes whether every specific interval is uniquely mapped to a generic interval. A scale is either "Proper", "Strictly Proper", or "Improper".	Improper
Heteromorphic Profile Defined by Norman Carey (2002), the heteromorphic profile is an ordered triple of (c, a, d) where c is the number of contradictions, a is the number of ambiguities, and d is the number of differences. When c is zero, the scale is Proper. When a is also zero, the scale is Strictly Proper.	(4, 1, 30)
Coherence Quotient The Coherence Quotient is a score between 0 and 1, indicating the proportion of coherence failures (ambiguity or contradiction) in the scale, against the maximum possible for a cardinality. A high coherence quotient indicates a less complex scale, whereas a quotient of 0 indicates a maximally complex scale.	0.8
Sameness Quotient The Sameness Quotient is a score between 0 and 1, indicating the proportion of differences in the heteromorphic profile, against the maximum possible for a cardinality. A higher quotient indicates a less complex scale, whereas a quotient of 0 indicates a scale with maximum complexity.	0.25

Generator

This scale has no generator.

Common Triads

These are the common triads (major, minor, augmented and diminished) that you can create from members of this scale.

* Pitches are shown with C as the root

Triad Type	Triad^*	Pitch Classes	Degree	Eccentricity	Closeness Centrality
Major Triads	F	{5,9,0}	1	1	0.5
Minor Triads	am	{9,0,4}	1	1	0.5

The following pitch classes are not present in any of the common triads: {11}

Above is a graph showing opportunities for parsimonious voice leading between triads^*. Each line connects two triads that have two common tones, while the third tone changes by one generic scale step.

Diameter	1
Radius	1
Self-Centered	yes

Modes

Modes are the rotational transformation of this scale. Scale 2609 can be rotated to make 4 other scales. The 1st mode is itself.

2nd mode: Scale 419				Hon-kumoi-joshi
3rd mode: Scale 2257				Lydian Pentatonic
4th mode: Scale 397				Aeolian Pentatonic
5th mode: Scale 1123				Iwato

Prime

The prime form of this scale is Scale 355

Scale 355

African Pentatonic 4

Complement

The pentatonic modal family [2609, 419, 2257, 397, 1123] (Forte: 5-20) is the complement of the heptatonic modal family [743, 919, 1849, 2419, 2507, 3257, 3301] (Forte: 7-20)

Inverse

The inverse of a scale is a reflection using the root as its axis. The inverse of 2609 is 395

Scale 395

Phrygian Pentatonic

Interval Matrix

Each row is a generic interval, cells contain the specific size of each generic. Useful for identifying contradictions and ambiguities.

Contradictions (4)

Ambiguities(1)

Hierarchizability

Based on the work of Niels Verosky, hierarchizability is the measure of repeated patterns with "place-finding" remainder bits, applied recursively to the binary representation of a scale. For a full explanation, read Niels' paper, Hierarchizability as a Predictor of Scale Candidacy. The variable k is the maximum number of remainders allowed at each level of recursion, for them to count as an increment of hierarchizability. A high hierarchizability score is a good indicator of scale candidacy, ie a measure of usefulness for producing pleasing music. There is a strong correlation between scales with maximal hierarchizability and scales that are in popular use in a variety of world musical traditions.

k	Hierarchizability	Breakdown Pattern
1	1	`100011000101`
2	3	`(1[0][0][0]1)(1[0][0][0]1)01`
3	3	`(1[0][0][0]1)(1[0][0][0]1)01`
4	3	`(1[0][0][0]1)(1[0][0][0]1)01`
5	3	`(1[0][0][0]1)(1[0][0][0]1)01`

Enantiomorph

Only scales that are chiral will have an enantiomorph. Scale 2609 is chiral, and its enantiomorph is scale 395

Scale 395

Phrygian Pentatonic

Center of Gravity

If tones of the scale are imagined as identical physical objects spaced around a unit circle, the center of gravity is the point where the scale is balanced.

Position with origin in the center	(-0.026795, -0.1)
Distance from Center	0.103528
Angle in degrees measured clockwise starting from the root.	345
Angle in cents 100 cents = 1 semitone.	1150

Transformations:

In the abbreviation, the subscript number after "T" is the number of semitones of tranposition, "M" means the pitch class is multiplied by 5, and "I" means the result is inverted. Operation is an identical way to express the same thing; the syntax is <a,b> where each tone of the set x is transformed by the equation y = ax + b. A note about the multipliers: multiplying by 1 changes nothing, multiplying by 11 produces the same result as inversion. 5 is the only non-degenerate multiplier, with the multiplier 7 producing the inverse of 5.

Abbrev	Operation	Result	Abbrev	Operation	Result
T₀	<1,0>	2609	T₀I	<11,0>	395
T₁	<1,1>	1123	T₁I	<11,1>	790
T₂	<1,2>	2246	T₂I	<11,2>	1580
T₃	<1,3>	397	T₃I	<11,3>	3160
T₄	<1,4>	794	T₄I	<11,4>	2225
T₅	<1,5>	1588	T₅I	<11,5>	355
T₆	<1,6>	3176	T₆I	<11,6>	710
T₇	<1,7>	2257	T₇I	<11,7>	1420
T₈	<1,8>	419	T₈I	<11,8>	2840
T₉	<1,9>	838	T₉I	<11,9>	1585
T₁₀	<1,10>	1676	T₁₀I	<11,10>	3170
T₁₁	<1,11>	3352	T₁₁I	<11,11>	2245
Abbrev	Operation	Result	Abbrev	Operation	Result
T₀M	<5,0>	899	T₀MI	<7,0>	2105
T₁M	<5,1>	1798	T₁MI	<7,1>	115
T₂M	<5,2>	3596	T₂MI	<7,2>	230
T₃M	<5,3>	3097	T₃MI	<7,3>	460
T₄M	<5,4>	2099	T₄MI	<7,4>	920
T₅M	<5,5>	103	T₅MI	<7,5>	1840
T₆M	<5,6>	206	T₆MI	<7,6>	3680
T₇M	<5,7>	412	T₇MI	<7,7>	3265
T₈M	<5,8>	824	T₈MI	<7,8>	2435
T₉M	<5,9>	1648	T₉MI	<7,9>	775
T₁₀M	<5,10>	3296	T₁₀MI	<7,10>	1550
T₁₁M	<5,11>	2497	T₁₁MI	<7,11>	3100

The transformations that map this set to itself are: T₀

Nearby Scales:

These are other scales that are similar to this one, created by adding a tone, removing a tone, or moving one note up or down a semitone.

Scale 2611				Raga Vasanta
Scale 2613				Raga Hamsa Vinodini
Scale 2617				Pylimic
Scale 2593				PUXian
Scale 2601				Marga Hindolam
Scale 2577				PUNian
Scale 2641				Raga Hindol
Scale 2673				Mythimic
Scale 2737				Raga Hari Nata
Scale 2865				Solimic
Scale 2097				MUNian
Scale 2353				Raga Girija
Scale 3121				TILian
Scale 3633				Daptimic
Scale 561				Phratic
Scale 1585				Raga Khamaji Durga

This scale analysis was created by Ian Ring, Canadian Composer of works for Piano, and total music theory nerd. Scale notation generated by VexFlow and Lilypond, graph visualization by Graphviz, audio by TiMIDIty and FFMPEG. All other diagrams and visualizations are © Ian Ring. Some scale names used on this and other pages are ©2005 William Zeitler (http://allthescales.org) used with permission, and ©2023 Robert Bedwell, used with permission.

Pitch spelling algorithm employed here is adapted from a method by Uzay Bora, Baris Tekin Tezel, and Alper Vahaplar. (DOI, Patent owner: Dokuz Eylül University, Used with Permission.

Tons of background resources contributed to the production of this summary; for a list of these peruse this Bibliography. Special thanks to Richard Repp for helping with technical accuracy, and George Howlett for assistance with naming the Carnatic ragas. Thanks to Niels Verosky for collaborating on the Hierarchizability diagrams. Thanks to u/howaboot for inventing the Center of Gravity metrics.