The Exciting Universe Of Music Theory

presents

more than you ever wanted to know about...

Scale 1113: "Locrian Pentatonic 2"

Bracelet Diagram

The bracelet shows tones that are in this scale, starting from the top (12 o'clock), going clockwise in ascending semitones. The "i" icon marks imperfect tones that do not have a tone a fifth above. Dotted lines indicate axes of symmetry.

Tonnetz Diagram

Tonnetz diagrams are popular in Neo-Riemannian theory. Notes are arranged in a lattice where perfect 5th intervals are from left to right, major third are northeast, and major 6th intervals are northwest. Other directions are inverse of their opposite. This diagram helps to visualize common triads (they're triangles) and circle-of-fifth relationships (horizontal lines).

Common Names

Western Modern: Locrian Pentatonic 2

Zeitler: Aeronitonic

Dozenal: GURIAN

Analysis

Cardinality Cardinality is the count of how many pitches are in the scale.	5 (pentatonic)
Pitch Class Set The tones in this scale, expressed as numbers from 0 to 11	{0,3,4,6,10}
Forte Number A code assigned by theorist Allen Forte, for this pitch class set and all of its transpositional (rotation) and inversional (reflection) transformations.	5-28
Rotational Symmetry Some scales have rotational symmetry, sometimes known as "limited transposition". If there are any rotational symmetries, these are the intervals of periodicity.	none
Reflection Axes If a scale has an axis of reflective symmetry, then it can transform into itself by inversion. It also implies that the scale has Ridge Tones. Notably an axis of reflection can occur directly on a tone or half way between two tones.	none
Palindromicity A palindromic scale has the same pattern of intervals both ascending and descending.	no
Chirality A chiral scale can not be transformed into its inverse by rotation. If a scale is chiral, then it has an enantiomorph.	yes enantiomorph: 837
Hemitonia A hemitone is two tones separated by a semitone interval. Hemitonia describes how many such hemitones exist.	1 (unhemitonic)
Cohemitonia A cohemitone is an instance of two adjacent hemitones. Cohemitonia describes how many such cohemitones exist.	0 (ancohemitonic)
Imperfections An imperfection is a tone which does not have a perfect fifth above it in the scale. This value is the quantity of imperfections in this scale.	4
Modes Modes are the rotational transformations of this scale. This number does not include the scale itself, so the number is usually one less than its cardinality; unless there are rotational symmetries then there are even fewer modes.	4
Prime Form Describes if this scale is in prime form, using the Starr/Rahn algorithm.	no prime: 333
Generator Indicates if the scale can be constructed using a generator, and an origin.	none
Deep Scale A deep scale is one where the interval vector has 6 different digits, an indicator of maximum hierarchization.	no
Interval Structure Defines the scale as the sequence of intervals between one tone and the next.	[3, 1, 2, 4, 2]
Interval Vector Describes the intervallic content of the scale, read from left to right as the number of occurences of each interval size from semitone, up to six semitones.	<1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2>
Interval Spectrum The same as the Interval Vector, but expressed in a syntax used by Howard Hanson.	pm²n²s²dt²
Distribution Spectra Describes the specific interval sizes that exist for each generic interval size. Each generic <g> has a spectrum {n,...}. The Spectrum Width is the difference between the highest and lowest values in each spectrum.	<1> = {1,2,3,4} <2> = {3,4,5,6} <3> = {6,7,8,9} <4> = {8,9,10,11}
Spectra Variation Determined by the Distribution Spectra; this is the sum of all spectrum widths divided by the scale cardinality.	2.4
Maximally Even A scale is maximally even if the tones are optimally spaced apart from each other.	no
Maximal Area Set A scale is a maximal area set if a polygon described by vertices dodecimetrically placed around a circle produces the maximal interior area for scales of the same cardinality. All maximally even sets have maximal area, but not all maximal area sets are maximally even.	no
Interior Area Area of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle, ie a circle with radius of 1.	2.049
Polygon Perimeter Perimeter of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle.	5.664
Myhill Property A scale has Myhill Property if the Distribution Spectra have exactly two specific intervals for every generic interval.	no
Balanced A scale is balanced if the distribution of its tones would satisfy the "centrifuge problem", ie are placed such that it would balance on its centre point.	no
Ridge Tones Ridge Tones are those that appear in all transpositions of a scale upon the members of that scale. Ridge Tones correspond directly with axes of reflective symmetry.	none
Propriety Also known as Rothenberg Propriety, named after its inventor. Propriety describes whether every specific interval is uniquely mapped to a generic interval. A scale is either "Proper", "Strictly Proper", or "Improper".	Improper
Heteromorphic Profile Defined by Norman Carey (2002), the heteromorphic profile is an ordered triple of (c, a, d) where c is the number of contradictions, a is the number of ambiguities, and d is the number of differences. When c is zero, the scale is Proper. When a is also zero, the scale is Strictly Proper.	(2, 8, 36)

Common Triads

These are the common triads (major, minor, augmented and diminished) that you can create from members of this scale.

* Pitches are shown with C as the root

Triad Type	Triad^*	Pitch Classes	Degree	Eccentricity	Closeness Centrality
Minor Triads	d♯m	{3,6,10}	1	1	0.5
Diminished Triads	c°	{0,3,6}	1	1	0.5

The following pitch classes are not present in any of the common triads: {4}

Above is a graph showing opportunities for parsimonious voice leading between triads^*. Each line connects two triads that have two common tones, while the third tone changes by one generic scale step.

Diameter	1
Radius	1
Self-Centered	yes

Modes

Modes are the rotational transformation of this scale. Scale 1113 can be rotated to make 4 other scales. The 1st mode is itself.

2nd mode: Scale 651				Golitonic
3rd mode: Scale 2373				Dyptitonic
4th mode: Scale 1617				Phronitonic
5th mode: Scale 357				Banitonic

Prime

The prime form of this scale is Scale 333

Scale 333

Bogitonic

Complement

The pentatonic modal family [1113, 651, 2373, 1617, 357] (Forte: 5-28) is the complement of the heptatonic modal family [747, 1431, 1629, 1881, 2421, 2763, 3429] (Forte: 7-28)

Inverse

The inverse of a scale is a reflection using the root as its axis. The inverse of 1113 is 837

Scale 837

Epaditonic

Enantiomorph

Only scales that are chiral will have an enantiomorph. Scale 1113 is chiral, and its enantiomorph is scale 837

Scale 837

Epaditonic

Transformations:

In the abbreviation, the subscript number after "T" is the number of semitones of tranposition, "M" means the pitch class is multiplied by 5, and "I" means the result is inverted. Operation is an identical way to express the same thing; the syntax is <a,b> where each tone of the set x is transformed by the equation y = ax + b

Abbrev	Operation	Result	Abbrev	Operation	Result
T₀	<1,0>	1113	T₀I	<11,0>	837
T₁	<1,1>	2226	T₁I	<11,1>	1674
T₂	<1,2>	357	T₂I	<11,2>	3348
T₃	<1,3>	714	T₃I	<11,3>	2601
T₄	<1,4>	1428	T₄I	<11,4>	1107
T₅	<1,5>	2856	T₅I	<11,5>	2214
T₆	<1,6>	1617	T₆I	<11,6>	333
T₇	<1,7>	3234	T₇I	<11,7>	666
T₈	<1,8>	2373	T₈I	<11,8>	1332
T₉	<1,9>	651	T₉I	<11,9>	2664
T₁₀	<1,10>	1302	T₁₀I	<11,10>	1233
T₁₁	<1,11>	2604	T₁₁I	<11,11>	2466
Abbrev	Operation	Result	Abbrev	Operation	Result
T₀M	<5,0>	333	T₀MI	<7,0>	1617
T₁M	<5,1>	666	T₁MI	<7,1>	3234
T₂M	<5,2>	1332	T₂MI	<7,2>	2373
T₃M	<5,3>	2664	T₃MI	<7,3>	651
T₄M	<5,4>	1233	T₄MI	<7,4>	1302
T₅M	<5,5>	2466	T₅MI	<7,5>	2604
T₆M	<5,6>	837	T₆MI	<7,6>	1113
T₇M	<5,7>	1674	T₇MI	<7,7>	2226
T₈M	<5,8>	3348	T₈MI	<7,8>	357
T₉M	<5,9>	2601	T₉MI	<7,9>	714
T₁₀M	<5,10>	1107	T₁₀MI	<7,10>	1428
T₁₁M	<5,11>	2214	T₁₁MI	<7,11>	2856

The transformations that map this set to itself are: T₀, T₆MI

Nearby Scales:

These are other scales that are similar to this one, created by adding a tone, removing a tone, or moving one note up or down a semitone.

Scale 1115				Superlocrian Hexamirror
Scale 1117				Raptimic
Scale 1105				Messiaen Truncated Mode 6 Inverse
Scale 1109				Kataditonic
Scale 1097				Aeraphic
Scale 1129				Raga Jayakauns
Scale 1145				Zygimic
Scale 1049				GIDIAN
Scale 1081				GOXIAN
Scale 1177				Garitonic
Scale 1241				Pygimic
Scale 1369				Boptimic
Scale 1625				Lythimic
Scale 89				AGGIAN
Scale 601				Bycritonic
Scale 2137				NALIAN
Scale 3161				Kodimic

This scale analysis was created by Ian Ring, Canadian Composer of works for Piano, and total music theory nerd. Scale notation generated by VexFlow, graph visualization by Graphviz, and MIDI playback by MIDI.js. All other diagrams and visualizations are © Ian Ring. Some scale names used on this and other pages are ©2005 William Zeitler (http://allthescales.org) used with permission.

Pitch spelling algorithm employed here is adapted from a method by Uzay Bora, Baris Tekin Tezel, and Alper Vahaplar. (An algorithm for spelling the pitches of any musical scale) Contact authors Patent owner: Dokuz Eylül University, Used with Permission. Contact TTO

Tons of background resources contributed to the production of this summary; for a list of these peruse this Bibliography. Special thanks to Richard Repp for helping with technical accuracy, and George Howlett for assistance with the Carnatic ragas.