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Scale 4051: "Ionilygic"

Scale 4051: Ionilygic, Ian Ring Music Theory

Bracelet Diagram

The bracelet shows tones that are in this scale, starting from the top (12 o'clock), going clockwise in ascending semitones. The "i" icon marks imperfect tones that do not have a tone a fifth above. Dotted lines indicate axes of symmetry.

Tonnetz Diagram

Tonnetz diagrams are popular in Neo-Riemannian theory. Notes are arranged in a lattice where perfect 5th intervals are from left to right, major third are northeast, and major 6th intervals are northwest. Other directions are inverse of their opposite. This diagram helps to visualize common triads (they're triangles) and circle-of-fifth relationships (horizontal lines).

Common Names

Zeitler
Ionilygic
Dozenal
ZODian

Analysis

Cardinality

Cardinality is the count of how many pitches are in the scale.

 9 (enneatonic)

Pitch Class Set

The tones in this scale, expressed as numbers from 0 to 11

 {0,1,4,6,7,8,9,10,11}

Forte Number

A code assigned by theorist Allen Forte, for this pitch class set and all of its transpositional (rotation) and inversional (reflection) transformations.

 9-2

Rotational Symmetry

Some scales have rotational symmetry, sometimes known as "limited transposition". If there are any rotational symmetries, these are the intervals of periodicity.

 none

Reflection Axes

If a scale has an axis of reflective symmetry, then it can transform into itself by inversion. It also implies that the scale has Ridge Tones. Notably an axis of reflection can occur directly on a tone or half way between two tones.

 none

Palindromicity

A palindromic scale has the same pattern of intervals both ascending and descending.

 no

Chirality

A chiral scale can not be transformed into its inverse by rotation. If a scale is chiral, then it has an enantiomorph.

 yes
enantiomorph: 2431

Hemitonia

A hemitone is two tones separated by a semitone interval. Hemitonia describes how many such hemitones exist.

 7 (multihemitonic)

Cohemitonia

A cohemitone is an instance of two adjacent hemitones. Cohemitonia describes how many such cohemitones exist.

 6 (multicohemitonic)

Imperfections

An imperfection is a tone which does not have a perfect fifth above it in the scale. This value is the quantity of imperfections in this scale.

 3

Modes

Modes are the rotational transformations of this scale. This number includes the scale itself, so the number is usually the same as its cardinality; unless there are rotational symmetries then there are fewer modes.

 9

Prime Form

Describes if this scale is in prime form, using the Starr/Rahn algorithm.

 no
prime: 767

Generator

Indicates if the scale can be constructed using a generator, and an origin.

 none

Deep Scale

A deep scale is one where the interval vector has 6 different digits, an indicator of maximum hierarchization.

 no

Interval Structure

Defines the scale as the sequence of intervals between one tone and the next.

 [1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]

Interval Vector

Describes the intervallic content of the scale, read from left to right as the number of occurences of each interval size from semitone, up to six semitones.

 <7, 7, 7, 6, 6, 3>

Proportional Saturation Vector

First described by Michael Buchler (2001), this is a vector showing the prominence of intervals relative to the maximum and minimum possible for the scale's cardinality. A saturation of 0 means the interval is present minimally, a saturation of 1 means it is the maximum possible.

<0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0>

Interval Spectrum

The same as the Interval Vector, but expressed in a syntax used by Howard Hanson.

 p6m6n7s7d7t3

Distribution Spectra

Describes the specific interval sizes that exist for each generic interval size. Each generic <g> has a spectrum {n,...}. The Spectrum Width is the difference between the highest and lowest values in each spectrum.

<1> = {1,2,3}
<2> = {2,3,4,5}
<3> = {3,4,5,6}
<4> = {4,5,6,7}
<5> = {5,6,7,8}
<6> = {6,7,8,9}
<7> = {7,8,9,10}
<8> = {9,10,11}

Spectra Variation

Determined by the Distribution Spectra; this is the sum of all spectrum widths divided by the scale cardinality.

 2.444

Maximally Even

A scale is maximally even if the tones are optimally spaced apart from each other.

 no

Maximal Area Set

A scale is a maximal area set if a polygon described by vertices dodecimetrically placed around a circle produces the maximal interior area for scales of the same cardinality. All maximally even sets have maximal area, but not all maximal area sets are maximally even.

 no

Interior Area

Area of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle, ie a circle with radius of 1.

2.683

Polygon Perimeter

Perimeter of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle.

6.038

Myhill Property

A scale has Myhill Property if the Distribution Spectra have exactly two specific intervals for every generic interval.

 no

Balanced

A scale is balanced if the distribution of its tones would satisfy the "centrifuge problem", ie are placed such that it would balance on its centre point.

 no

Ridge Tones

Ridge Tones are those that appear in all transpositions of a scale upon the members of that scale. Ridge Tones correspond directly with axes of reflective symmetry.

 none

Propriety

Also known as Rothenberg Propriety, named after its inventor. Propriety describes whether every specific interval is uniquely mapped to a generic interval. A scale is either "Proper", "Strictly Proper", or "Improper".

Improper

Heteromorphic Profile

Defined by Norman Carey (2002), the heteromorphic profile is an ordered triple of (c, a, d) where c is the number of contradictions, a is the number of ambiguities, and d is the number of differences. When c is zero, the scale is Proper. When a is also zero, the scale is Strictly Proper.

(97, 89, 176)

Coherence Quotient

The Coherence Quotient is a score between 0 and 1, indicating the proportion of coherence failures (ambiguity or contradiction) in the scale, against the maximum possible for a cardinality. A high coherence quotient indicates a less complex scale, whereas a quotient of 0 indicates a maximally complex scale.

0.597

Sameness Quotient

The Sameness Quotient is a score between 0 and 1, indicating the proportion of differences in the heteromorphic profile, against the maximum possible for a cardinality. A higher quotient indicates a less complex scale, whereas a quotient of 0 indicates a scale with maximum complexity.

0.389

Generator

This scale has no generator.

Common Triads

These are the common triads (major, minor, augmented and diminished) that you can create from members of this scale.

* Pitches are shown with C as the root

Triad TypeTriad*Pitch ClassesDegreeEccentricityCloseness Centrality
Major TriadsC{0,4,7}342.29
E{4,8,11}242.43
F♯{6,10,1}342.43
A{9,1,4}442.07
Minor Triadsc♯m{1,4,8}342.14
em{4,7,11}342.43
f♯m{6,9,1}342.29
am{9,0,4}342.14
Augmented TriadsC+{0,4,8}442.07
Diminished Triadsc♯°{1,4,7}242.5
e°{4,7,10}242.57
f♯°{6,9,0}242.5
g°{7,10,1}242.57
a♯°{10,1,4}242.43
Parsimonious Voice Leading Between Common Triads of Scale 4051. Created by Ian Ring ©2019 C C C+ C+ C->C+ c#° c#° C->c#° em em C->em c#m c#m C+->c#m E E C+->E am am C+->am c#°->c#m A A c#m->A e° e° e°->em g° g° e°->g° em->E f#° f#° f#m f#m f#°->f#m f#°->am F# F# f#m->F# f#m->A F#->g° a#° a#° F#->a#° am->A A->a#°

view full size

Above is a graph showing opportunities for parsimonious voice leading between triads*. Each line connects two triads that have two common tones, while the third tone changes by one generic scale step.

Diameter4
Radius4
Self-Centeredyes

Modes

Modes are the rotational transformation of this scale.Scale 4051 can be rotated to make 8 other scales. The 1st mode is itself.

2nd mode:
Scale 4073		Scale 4073: Sathygic, Ian Ring Music TheorySathygic
3rd mode:
Scale 1021		Scale 1021: Ladygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryLadygic
4th mode:
Scale 1279		Scale 1279: Sarygic, Ian Ring Music TheorySarygic
5th mode:
Scale 2687		Scale 2687: Thacrygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryThacrygic
6th mode:
Scale 3391		Scale 3391: Aeolynygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryAeolynygic
7th mode:
Scale 3743		Scale 3743: Thadygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryThadygic
8th mode:
Scale 3919		Scale 3919: Lynygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryLynygic
9th mode:
Scale 4007		Scale 4007: Doptygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryDoptygic

Prime

The prime form of this scale is Scale 767

Scale 767Scale 767: Raptygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryRaptygic

Complement

The enneatonic modal family [4051, 4073, 1021, 1279, 2687, 3391, 3743, 3919, 4007] (Forte: 9-2) is the complement of the tritonic modal family [11, 1537, 2053] (Forte: 3-2)

Inverse

The inverse of a scale is a reflection using the root as its axis. The inverse of 4051 is 2431

Scale 2431Scale 2431: Gythygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryGythygic

Hierarchizability

Based on the work of Niels Verosky, hierarchizability is the measure of repeated patterns with "place-finding" remainder bits, applied recursively to the binary representation of a scale. For a full explanation, read Niels' paper, Hierarchizability as a Predictor of Scale Candidacy. The variable k is the maximum number of remainders allowed at each level of recursion, for them to count as an increment of hierarchizability. A high hierarchizability score is a good indicator of scale candidacy, ie a measure of usefulness for producing pleasing music. There is a strong correlation between scales with maximal hierarchizability and scales that are in popular use in a variety of world musical traditions.

kHierarchizabilityBreakdown PatternDiagram
111100101111114051k = 1h = 1
211100101111114051k = 2h = 1
32(1)(1)00(1)0(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)4051k = 3h = 2
420010(1111)(1111)4051k = 4h = 2
520010(1111)(1111)4051k = 5h = 2

Enantiomorph

Only scales that are chiral will have an enantiomorph. Scale 4051 is chiral, and its enantiomorph is scale 2431

Scale 2431Scale 2431: Gythygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryGythygic

Transformations:

In the abbreviation, the subscript number after "T" is the number of semitones of tranposition, "M" means the pitch class is multiplied by 5, and "I" means the result is inverted. Operation is an identical way to express the same thing; the syntax is <a,b> where each tone of the set x is transformed by the equation y = ax + b. A note about the multipliers: multiplying by 1 changes nothing, multiplying by 11 produces the same result as inversion. 5 is the only non-degenerate multiplier, with the multiplier 7 producing the inverse of 5.

Abbrev Operation Result Abbrev Operation Result
T0 <1,0> 4051       T0I <11,0> 2431
T1 <1,1> 4007      T1I <11,1> 767
T2 <1,2> 3919      T2I <11,2> 1534
T3 <1,3> 3743      T3I <11,3> 3068
T4 <1,4> 3391      T4I <11,4> 2041
T5 <1,5> 2687      T5I <11,5> 4082
T6 <1,6> 1279      T6I <11,6> 4069
T7 <1,7> 2558      T7I <11,7> 4043
T8 <1,8> 1021      T8I <11,8> 3991
T9 <1,9> 2042      T9I <11,9> 3887
T10 <1,10> 4084      T10I <11,10> 3679
T11 <1,11> 4073      T11I <11,11> 3263
Abbrev Operation Result Abbrev Operation Result
T0M <5,0> 3061      T0MI <7,0> 1531
T1M <5,1> 2027      T1MI <7,1> 3062
T2M <5,2> 4054      T2MI <7,2> 2029
T3M <5,3> 4013      T3MI <7,3> 4058
T4M <5,4> 3931      T4MI <7,4> 4021
T5M <5,5> 3767      T5MI <7,5> 3947
T6M <5,6> 3439      T6MI <7,6> 3799
T7M <5,7> 2783      T7MI <7,7> 3503
T8M <5,8> 1471      T8MI <7,8> 2911
T9M <5,9> 2942      T9MI <7,9> 1727
T10M <5,10> 1789      T10MI <7,10> 3454
T11M <5,11> 3578      T11MI <7,11> 2813

The transformations that map this set to itself are: T0

Nearby Scales:

These are other scales that are similar to this one, created by adding a tone, removing a tone, or moving one note up or down a semitone.

Scale 4049Scale 4049: Stycryllic, Ian Ring Music TheoryStycryllic
Scale 4053Scale 4053: Kyrygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryKyrygic
Scale 4055Scale 4055: Dagyllian, Ian Ring Music TheoryDagyllian
Scale 4059Scale 4059: Zolyllian, Ian Ring Music TheoryZolyllian
Scale 4035Scale 4035: Octatonic Chromatic 7, Ian Ring Music TheoryOctatonic Chromatic 7
Scale 4043Scale 4043: Phrocrygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryPhrocrygic
Scale 4067Scale 4067: Nonatonic Chromatic 8, Ian Ring Music TheoryNonatonic Chromatic 8
Scale 4083Scale 4083: Decatonic Chromatic 9, Ian Ring Music TheoryDecatonic Chromatic 9
Scale 3987Scale 3987: Loryllic, Ian Ring Music TheoryLoryllic
Scale 4019Scale 4019: Lonygic, Ian Ring Music TheoryLonygic
Scale 3923Scale 3923: Stoptyllic, Ian Ring Music TheoryStoptyllic
Scale 3795Scale 3795: Epothyllic, Ian Ring Music TheoryEpothyllic
Scale 3539Scale 3539: Aeoryllic, Ian Ring Music TheoryAeoryllic
Scale 3027Scale 3027: Rythyllic, Ian Ring Music TheoryRythyllic
Scale 2003Scale 2003: Lolyllic, Ian Ring Music TheoryLolyllic

This scale analysis was created by Ian Ring, Canadian Composer of works for Piano, and total music theory nerd. Scale notation generated by VexFlow and Lilypond, graph visualization by Graphviz, audio by TiMIDIty and FFMPEG. All other diagrams and visualizations are © Ian Ring. Some scale names used on this and other pages are ©2005 William Zeitler (http://allthescales.org) used with permission.

Pitch spelling algorithm employed here is adapted from a method by Uzay Bora, Baris Tekin Tezel, and Alper Vahaplar. (An algorithm for spelling the pitches of any musical scale) Contact authors Patent owner: Dokuz Eylül University, Used with Permission. Contact TTO

Tons of background resources contributed to the production of this summary; for a list of these peruse this Bibliography. Special thanks to Richard Repp for helping with technical accuracy, and George Howlett for assistance with the Carnatic ragas.

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